Gas-turbine.



No. 877,194. PATENTED JAN. 21,1908.

H.' HOLZWARTH.

GAS TURBINE.

APPLIGATIQN FILED APR.13.1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

il 13 t v tnesses: Inventor /vm/LQWM. 1,11 mw. me.

WK. 5ML,... Attorney PATENTED JAN. 2l, 1908.

H. HOLZWARTH.

-GAS TURBINB.

APPLICATION FILED APB..13. 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Witnesses:

Mela-LM Inventor LLLLL Attorney l after the j closed, the'gas is injected into the charge of sTATEsPArENT OFFICE.

HANS HOLZWARTH, OF HAMIILTON, OIO, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE-HALF TO ERHARD .TUN GHANS,

' SR., 0F SCHRAMBERG, GERMANY.

GAS-TURBINE.

Patented Jan; 21, 1908.

To all whom it'ma'fy concern:

Be a know-that i, HANS HOLZWARTH, a

'citizen of Germany, residing at Hamilton,

Butler county, Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Turbines, of which the following is a specification.

' This invention, pertaining to improvements in gas turbines, will be readily understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in whichzs I Figurel is a sideA elevation, part vertical section, in the plane of line e', Fig. 2, of a gas turbine embody-ing an exempliication of my invention: 2 a bottom view, part section in the plane of lines frl andlb': Fig. 3 a plan of a portion of the nozzle ring,

part section in the plane of line c, Fig. 1: Fig.

' 4v a-vertical longitudinal section on an enlarged scale of the controller: Fig. 5 a transverse section of the controller in the plane of line d, viewed from the right of Fig. 4: and Fig. 6 aiaceviewof he interrupter, viewed from the rightof Fig. 4.

In my improved Vturbine theA gases are eX- ploded a circular seriesA of combustion chambers in succession. Asthe explosion takes place in a given combustion chamber 1t blows open a valvev and the expanding products, under high pressure, jet through a nozzle and act directly on the turbine. Af- A ter the valve has been blown open by th'e explosion a retarding device holds it open for a period so as to permit the constantly lessening pressure of the gases to eifectivelyjet from the nozzle, and for a still further period to permit the incoming charge of fresh air to blow out and cleanse the combustion chamber. The new-.charge of -air is injected into the combustion chamber under pressure and,` 'after cleansing the combustion chamber and .valve leadingl to 'the nozzle has air, after which, the air and gasv inlet valves having closed, the charge isaxploded in the combustion'A chamber. A number of the combustion chambers arearIanged in circuL lar series so that their nozzles act directly upon the turbine, the effect of the individual nozzles being intermittent, but the generaleffect upon the turbine being practically conii/injuring.. The air and gas injected into the combustion chambers are received from an nular chambers separated from the combusratus. v

tion chambers by-a `comparatively thin septurn so that the gas and air may readily ab# sorb vheat from thecombustion chambers..

In the drawin s, giving present attention to Fig. 1 :-1,.in icates main frame work: 2, turbine casing: 3, turbine shaft: 4, turbine rotor, illustrated as -with two disks of ordi' nary axial low turbine type: 5, turbine stator vanes supported by the casing between the rotor elements: 6, a circumferential series of nozzles in position to deliver uid to the initial member of the rotor: 7 lexhaustconnection from the turbine casing at the terminal side of the rotor: 8, a circumferential series of combustion chambers, one chamber for each of the'nozzles 6: 9, a valve, herein' termed the combustion valve, one for each combustion chamber, seating toward the combustion chamber between; it and its nozzle and normally closing communication between the combustion chamber and its nozzle, the parts complementary to the combustion chambers being, for the purpose of simplifying the de' scription, hereinafter referred to generally in the sin ular: 10, s ring holding the combustion va ve norma ly closed: 11, combustion valve cylinder: 12, piston withinthis cylinder. and connected with the combustion valve: 13, port in the wall of the cylinder, normally closed by the piston and opening when the combustion valve opens: 14, air passage communicating with all of the combustion cham.- bers: 15, as assage similarly communicating with a l o the combustion chambers: 16,

(Fig. 2) air inlet to the air passage, to communicate with a source of supply of air under pressure: 17, (Fig. 2) gas inlet to the gas pasj sage, this inlet to communicate with a source. of supply of gasunder pressure greater tha-n that of the air: 18, air valve normally closing communication' between the air passage and the combustion chamber: 19, gas valve no rf mally closin communication between the combustion c springs holding the air valve and gas valve normally closedz-21, air valve cylinder: 22, piston in this cylinder, connected with the air valve: 23, gas valve cylinder: 24, piston in this cylinder, connected with the gas valve:

.25, igniter inthe combustion chamber: and

26,. various cooling spaces about the appa- The air and lsure its proper prompt flown.. Oil admitted amber and thev gas passage: 20, '100 gas suplplly are to be broughtto I the machine under s cient pressure to munder piston 22 opens air valve 18 and admits a charge of air to the combustion chamber the valve -then closing; the first effect of the incomin air is to blow out and cleanse the combustion chamber; oil admitted under piston 24 opens gas valve 19 and admits a charge of gas, to commingle with the air, into the combustion chamber, the valve then closing; the igniter operates and explodes the charge; oil under pressure stands in port 13 ready for service; the explosive effect blows the combustion valve open; oil from'port 13 enters under `the combustion valve piston and holds the combustion valve open, to alloW for the reducing pressure in the combustion chamber and for the cleansing operation; the products of the explosion discharging from the nozzle u on the rotor, with usual turbine action, an finally depart .at the exhaust; oil is permitted to esca e from under the combustion valve piston; t ie combustion valve reseats, the parts being ready for a repetition ofthe operation. The described operi ation takes place with the combustion chamserving, as the revolver turns, to

4bers in succession.

The opening and closing of the various valves isdominated by a controller which may, if desired, be actuated by a motor independent of the turbine.

The controller Will now be described:- 27, lndicates the controller as a Whole; 28, controller cylinder; 29,. hollow revolver turning Within the cylinder; 30, worm Wheel onrevolver shaft; 31, motor driving the vvormwheel and throu h it the revolver 32, 011 pump; 33, oil tan; 34, pipe from 'tank to pum 35, 'back-flow oil pipe fronr controller cy inder to tank; 36, annular passage around the cylinder and communi- @917mg With it by ports; 37, pressure oil plpe from oil ump to passage 36; 38, series of necks on t e revolver, fitting Within the controller cylinder and serving to constantly malntain oil pressure Within the'revolver; 3.9, annular series of e ually spaced portsl in the Wall of the control er cylinder, one port for each combustion chamber; 40, oil plpes placing the ports 39 in communication W1th thel respective air valve cylinder 21: 41, a second similar series of ports in the controller cylinder: 42, pipes lacing the ports 4L in communication wit the respect1ve gas valve cylinders 23: 43, a thirdannular series of ports in the controller cyhnder: 44, Pipes cylinders 11 through the-medium of their ports 13: 45, a hollow neck on the revolver lace its interior inv communication withl t e ports '39, successively, and thus admit air pressure to open the air valves in succession:

46, similar neck ,coperating With ports 41 to open the gas valves 1n succession, this neck being in angular retreat orl air'neck 45: and 47, a similar neck coperatmg with yinterior of the revolver.

lacing/these ports in c ommum-g catlon Wit 4the respective combustion valve vWin94 ports 43 to admit oil to the combustion valve cylinders in succession. The oil pump maintains a constant pressure of oil Within the revolver, this pressure acts upon the various valve pistons as the turning of the revolver brings the valve cylinders into communication With the As the revolver necks pass beyond their ports the valvecylinders become placed in communication with the lnon-pressure vspace in the controller cylinder exterior to the revolver, 'the valve cylinders being thus relieved of pressure, the discharged oil flowing from the controller cylinder back tothe oil tank. Havingreferen'ce to a .given combustion chamber, the oil from the revolver goes first to open the air valve momentarily, then to open the'gas valve momentarily, and then to hold the combustion valve open vmomentarily. The combustion valve is blown open by the explosion against the resistance of its spring, and the purpose ofthe oil pressure yunder the piston of this valve is to maintain the valve in open condition as the pressure in the explosion chamber becomes attenuated by discharge through the nozzle, and also While 'the first of the incoming air blows through turning with the controller shaft and engaging the contacts-in section: 52,v circuit con-A nection from the Wiper to the battery and to one terminal of the secondary of each induction coil: 53, conductors from the remaining terminals of the 4secondaries of the induction coils to the respective contacts 50: and 54, conductors connecting the terminals of the primary 'of each induction coil ments of the respective igniters.

After a given combustion chamber has With the elebeen charged With mixture, and after its gas valve is c osed, the Wiper pertaining to that explodes the charge, this action taking place as regards each combustion chamber in suc-- cesslon.

The passages 14 andl for the air and gas are in the form of annular-5 chambers separated from 'the combs'tion'chambers by a comparatively thin septum in which are 1ocate the air'andasinlet valves. The air and gas in these c ambers becomes heated from the combustion chambers.; v p As features of specific construction to be combustion chamber operates -the ifrniter and 1 struction set forth simply illustrates the prinbustion chambers,

recommended, the general frame structure 1 carries the series of combustion chambers, the turbine casing being secured a main frame at the discharge end o the comas seen in Fig. 1. -The nozzles are formed in a ring 56 clamped between the turbine casing and the discharge ends ofthe combustion chambers, this ring with all of the nozzles being removable. construction of the nozzle ring will be understood from Fig. 3; g

While I have illustrated my invention in connection with a turbine of axial flow' type and having its axis disposed vertically, such features are not to be considered as essential to all realizations of my invention. The con-v ciple of my invention and the best mo e 1n W ich I have contemplated applying this principle.

I claim:

1, A gas turbine comprising acasing, a-

rotor and stator therein, a combustion chamber having ively upon t e rotor, a combustion valve between the combustion chamber and its dis-v ted to charge nozzle, said valve being ada in the be blown open by the explosion wit combustion chamber, valve toward the combustion chamber, means for injecting air and gas to thecombustion chamber under pressure, and means for resisting the action of said valve-closing device and retarding the closing of the combustion valvewhile the pressure due to eX- plosion is decreasing, combinedsubstantially4 las set forth.

2. A gas turbine comprising a casing, a rotor and stator therein, an annular series of combustion chambers having discharge nozzles arranged to deliver the roducts of combustion impactively upon t e rotor, a combustion valve between each combustion chamber and its discharge nozzle, .said valves being adapted to be blown open by the explosion within the combustion chambers, vlces for closing the valves toward the combustion chambers, and'gas to the combustion chambers under pressure, means Jfor resisting the. action of said valve-closing devices and retardingl 'pple closing of the combustion valves while e an igniter for each combustion chamber, anda controlling device for operating the inject'ng devicesA and igniters of the several- 3. A gas turbinecomprisingv a casing,a

rotor and stator therein, an annular series of having discharge nozroducts of com e rotor, a comcombustion chambers zles arranged to deliver the bustion impactivelypupon t bustion valve vbetween each combustion' ainst the The a discharge nozzle arranged toV deliver the roducts of combustion impact-Y- a device for closingthe de-A means for injecting air ressure due to explosion is decreasing,l

chamber and its discharge nozzle, said'valves being adapted to be blown open by the explosion within the combustion chambers, devices for closing the valves toward the combustion. chambers, means and gas to the combustion chambers under pressure, means for resisting the action of said valve-closing devices and retarding the closing of the combustion valves while the ressure due to explosion is' decreasing,` an igniter for each combustion chamber, a controlling device for o erating the injecting device and igniters o chambers in succession, and motor mechanism independent of the rotor for actuating said controlling device, combined substantially as set forth. i

4. A gas engine comprising a taining an annular air passage, an annular gas passage, a circular series of combustion chambers adjacent said air and gas passages and having discharge nozzles, a turbine rotor arranged to receive directly the im active discharge from said nozzles, a comb valve disposed between each combustion chamber and blown open by explosion .in the combustion chambers, valves between the air and gas casing conpassages and the combustion chambers, and

means for controlling the opening and closing rofthe air and gas valves, combined substan-` tially as set forth.

` 5. 'A gas engine comprising a casing containing an annular .air passage, an annular gas passage, a circular series of combustion chambers adjacent said air andi gas passages landvhaving discharge nozzles, a turbine rotor arranged to receive directly the im active discharge from said nozzles, a com ustion valve disposed between each combustion chamber and its nozzle and adapted to be blown open by explosion in the combustion chambers, valves `between the air and gas passages and the combustion chambers, and a controller independent of the rotor for confor injecting air the severall combustion ustion its nozzle and adapted to be` trolling the valves of the combustion chambers successively, combined substantially as set forth.

6. In a gas turbine, the combination of' a rotor, a stator, a casing comprising a plurality of combustion chambers circularly arranged, a nozzle'corresponding to each chamber, and a puppet combustion i alve arranged to seat toward the chamber intermediate each chamber and its nozzle. 4

. 7. In a gas turbine, the combination of a rotor,- a stator, a casing comprising a plural,- ityY of combustion chambers circularly arranged, a nozzle corresponding to each chamber, a puppet combustion valve arranged to seat toward the chamber intermediate each -chamber and its nozzle, a valve stern extenda cage, and a spring within the cage engaging the stem and ing outwardly from each valve,

tending to seat thewalve.

8.. In a gas turbme, the'ombination of a rotor, a stator, a casing comprising a plurality of combustion chambers circular-ly arranged, a nozzle corresponding to each chamber, a combustion pup et valve arrangedto seat towardthe cham er intermediate each\ chamber and its nozzle, a Valve stem extending outwardly from each valve, a piston thereon, a cy inder inclosing the piston and ported below the piston When the latter is elevated, and means for applying pressure in the, cylinder and retardmg closing of the Valve.

l9. In a gas turbine, the combination of a plurality of combustion chambers annularly arranged, a gas supply chamber adjacent to all the combustion chambers, an air supply v chamber adjacent to all the combustion chambers, a puppet Valve for each combustion chamber connecting it withl the gas sup- Ely chamber,

ustion chamber connecting it with the air `supply chamber, stems connected to -the n the cylinders, and ports entering the ders below the pistons for the introduction ofl a puppet valve lfor each comvalves extending outwardly through the gas and air supply chambers, and springsapplied to the stems urging the valves to seat, two cages inclosing the valve stems and. containing cylinders, pistons onthe valve stems1 in cy 1nluid pressure to' effect the opening of the valves.

10. In a gas turbme, the combination of a base containing a plurality of combustion chambers circularly arranged, a turbine casing carried by the base, a rotor and a stator carried by the turbine casing, a nozzle ring secured between the base and the casing and having nozzles adjacent to the turbine blades, and a combustion Valve for each combustion chamber serving to connect it with its nozzle.

HANS HOLZWARTH. Witnesses:

HARVEY SHULER,

EARL ROBERTS. 

